Flow control methods and devices in micrometer scale channels.

Recent advances in the fabrication of microflow devices using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology are described. Passive and active liquid flow control and particle-handling methods in micrometer-scale channels are reviewed. These methods are useful in micro total analysis systems (μTAS) and laboratory-on-a-chip systems. Multiple flow control systems (i.e., arrayed microvalves) for advanced high-throughput microflow systems are introduced. Examples of microflow devices and systems for chemical and biochemical applications are also described.